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Making sense of old handwriting

Genealogical Glossary


Language is constantly changing, and many words used in old records could have a different meaning from the common meaning used today; therefore, dictionaries from earlier years or centuries are an excellent resource for researchers. Below is a list of common words that are found in French records to help understand them.

With every entry, there is the word, its gender, and the translation or definition. If an entry has a part in parenthesis at the end of the word then this shows the feminine form of the word. For example, the entry "Habitant(e)" means that "Habitant" is a male inhabitant while "Habitante" is a female inhabitant.

For access to several historical dictionaries combined and cross-referenced in a single website, see https://www.lexilogos.com/francais_dictionnaire.htm



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A

À la fois: both

Abbaye: abbey

Abcès: abscess

Abris: protection, shelter; security, voucher; frontier customs guard

Absent: absent; absentee, missing person

Acceptation: acceptance; Approval; approbation

Accord: agreement, covenant, pact

Accorder: to set forth, establish, offer, grant, stipulate or promise something usually used when the notary is preparing the actual document

Accouchement: labor, birth

acre: acre

Acte: act, certificate, document, record, official act

Adjoint(e): assistant, deputy, substitute

Adjoint: adjoining

administration: administration

Adopté: adopted

Adultère: adultery, violation of the marriage vows

Advantage de délibérer: (law) opportunity of deliberation in which the heir can postpone acceptance of inheritance until inventory has been made

Affinité: relation by marriage

Affranchi: freed slave

Âge: age

Agrégation: addition, attachment, appointment, assignment

Agriculteur: farmer

Ainé: firstborn, oldest

Ajournement: extension or postponement for a specified period of time

Allemande(e): German

Altesse: an honorary title given to the kings, princes, and officials of the high court and to some of the royal councils, highness

Altitude: altitude

Âme: soul, spirit

Ami(e): friend

Ancêtre: ancestor

Ancien(ne): elderly

Anglais: English

Aniversaire: anniversary, birthday

Année bissextile: leap year

Année seculaire: the centenary years (1500,1600,1700, etc)

Année: year

Annexe: annex

Annuaire: yearbook

Annuel: annual

Antérieur: former, previous

Antique: old, ancient

Août: August

Apostolique: apostolic

Apparaître: to appear

Appendice: appendix

Apprenti: apprentice

Approbation: document establishing the proof of certainty of a fact, such as a proof of the nobility of a person's family

Approximatif: approximate

Après: after

Après-midi: afternoon, late

Arbre génalogique: genealogical tree, pedigree chart

Arbre: tree

Archevêché: archbishopric, ecclesiastical territory under the jurisdiction of an archbishop

Archevêque: archbishop, the bishop of a metropolitan church to which other bishops are subordinate

Archipresbytérat: land under jurisdiction of an archpriest composed of several parishes

Archiprêtre: archpriest, a parish priest who also presides over several parish priests

Archive: archives, place where records are kept, (office) files

Argent: silver

Armée: army, military

Arrière: great (used in context family), for example- great grandpa is arrière-grand-père. Use arrière for ever great.

Article: article

Ascendance: ascendency, a series of ancestors

Ascendant: andcestor

Asile: asylum, shelter

Assurance: safety, security, certainty, assurance, surety bond

Asthme: asthma

Auberge: hostel, shelter, inn

Aubergiste: innkeeper

Aucun: none, no one

Aumône: alms

Aumônerie: benefice or foundation subject to certain obligations; lay foundation without ecclesiastical intervention

Aussi: also, too

Automne: autumn

Autre: other, another

Avant tout: above all, first of all

Avant: before

Avantage: beneficence, charity, welfare organization or institution, charity organization

Avec: with

Avent: Advent, the four weeks preceding Christmas

Aveugle: blind

Avocat: lawyer

Avril: April

Awol: military, absent without leave

B

Banc de noblesse: seat in city council held by nobility

Banque: bank, bench

Baptême: baptism

Baptiser: to baptize, to christian

Bateau: boat, ship

Bébé: baby, child

Bénéfice simple: ecclesiastical sinecure

Beaucoup: many, a lot

Beau-fils: stepson or son-in-law

Beau-frère: step-brother or brother-in-law

Beau-père: step-father or father-in-law

Belle-fille: step-daughter or daughter-in-law

Belle-mère: step-mother or mother-in-law

Belle-sœur: step-sister or sister-in-law

Bénédiction: blessing

Bénéfice: benefit, profit

Bétail: cattle

Bibliothèque: library

Bien€: well, good

Biens immobilier: real property

Biens: properties, goods, fee

Blanc(he): white

Blé: wheat

Boiteux: crippled, lame

Bouche: mouth

Boucher: butcher

Boulanger: baker

Bras: arm

Brasseur: brewer

C

Capitain général: captain general

Capital: assests, principal of a trust fund

Carte: map

Cathédrale: cathedral

Catolique: Catholic

Cavalaire: military cavalry; knightly order, knighthood, rank and privileges of a knight

Cela: that

Célibataire: singel, unmarried, bachelor

Celui-ci: this

Cent: on hundred

Centenaire: centennial

Cérémonie du voile: vigil, watch, veiling ceremony of bride and groom in nuptial mass

Certificate royal: royal decree

Cerificate: certificate

Certification: certification

Chaire: the chair or seat of a bishop in his church

Chambre: room

Changer: to change, alterate

Chapelain: a priest who has a chaplaincy, or says mass in a private chapel and who is paid by a trust fund or private individual to administer the affairs of said fund or individual

Chapelle: chapel

Charpentier: carpenter

Chasseur/chasseuese: hunter

Château: castle

Chemin de fer: railroad

Chevalier: nobleman; knight; member of a military order; gentleman

Chose: thing, something

Chrétien(ne): Christian

Chroniquer: chronicler, historian

Cimitière: cemetary

Citoyen: citizen

Classe: class, type, kind

Clerc: clergyman

Colonel: colonel (military)

Colline: colony; hill

Commerce: business, commerce

Comme: as, how

Commerce/ achat: trade/purchase

Comte: count, ear

Comté: earldom, courtship; county

Comunauté: community

Comunion: comunion

Concernante: concerning

Concièrge: doorman

Confirmation: confirmation, affirmation; the religious sacrament of confirmation administered by the bishop

Congrégation: congregation; assembly

Conjoint (e): spous; partner, associate

Connu: known; acquaintance

Connu comme: known as

Consacrer: dedicate

Consanguinité: consanguinity, kinship, blood relationship

Conseil de Trete: Council of Trent

Conseil: council

Conseiller municipal: councilman

Consentement: consent, compliance, acquiescence

Consignation: consignment

Consommation: consumption

Constipation: constipation

Contenu: contents

Contract de mariage: marriage contract

Contractant: contractin party, such as in a marriage

Contrat d'aprentisage: contract of apprenticeship

Contrat/ accord: agreement, contract, arrangement, settlement; agreement enforceable by law

Contre: against

Contribuable: taxable, tax payer

Contribution: tax

Convertion: conversion

Convocation: designation, appointment, indication

Convulsion: convulsion

Copie litérale: literal or word-for-word copy

Coqueluche: whooping cough

Cordier: rope maker

Cordillère: mountain range

Cordonnier: shoemaker

Corp: body, volume

Corps: corporal (military)

Courant: current, present

Cousin(e): cousin

Couvent: convent

Credit immobilier: mortgage

D

Dans: within, inside, in

Date: date

De cela: of the same (usually refers to previous wording, such as month and year)

De plus: furthermore, besides, moreover

De: of, from, belonging to

Décedé: deceased

Décembre: December

Décennie: decade

Décès: death

Déclaration: declaration, statement, affidavit

Declaré: declared, stated

Décret: decree

Défenseur: defense, counsel

Degré: degree, grade, rank

Délégation: delegation (of power); group of delegates

Délivrance: deliverance

Demain: tomorrow

Demande: demand, claim, petition, request, summons

Demandeur: claimant, seeker, petitioner

Demeure: dwelling

Demeurer: to live (location)

Dénonciation: accusation, denunciation

Dent: tooth

Dentition: teething

Departament: district, department

Dépeuplé: unpopulated

Dépot: deposit, depository

Depuis: since

Député: deputy

Derinier/ dernière: last

Dernières volontés: last wishes; will that is dictated by a dying person before witnesses and in some cases the notary and is later recorded by the notary in his protocol

Derrière: behind

Désaccord: disagreement

Descendant: descendant

Déscription: description

Diarrhée: diarrhea

Dictionaire géogragique: geographical dictionary

Dictionaire: dictionary

Digne: worthy

Dimanche: Sunday

Dîme: tithing

Dirigeant: leader

Discernement: judgement

Dispensation apostolique: apostolic dispensation or grant given by a pope or bishop, depending upon its nature

Dispensation de sa santité: apostolic dispensation or grant given by a pope or bishop

Distance: distance (from)

District: district

Dit: stated, said, the above mentioned

Divorce: divorce

Divorcé: divorced

Doctrine: doctrine, ritual

Document: document

Doigt: finger

Domaine: domain

Domestique: maid/ servant

Domicilé à: residing in

Domicile: dwelling, residence

Don: donation, gift, grant

Dossier/ documentation: written proceedings of a particular action; petition; file

Dot: dowry, that property which a woman takes into marriage

Dotation: endowment, dowry

Droit: law

Droit canonique: canon law

Droit d'ainesse: family estate, entailed on the eldest son; a legal term indicating priority right to authority, inheritance, or succession

Du nord: northern

Duc: duke, title of honor which follows that of prince

Du quel(le): whose

Dysenterie: dysentery

E

Échange: exchange, barter, trade

Éclésiastique: ecclesiastical

École: school

École notoriale: notarial college

Écriture: writing, handwriting

Égal: equal

Élise: church

Église Catolique: Catholic Church

Elle: she

Emancipation: emancipation, the act of freeing from servitude

Embarquer: to board, to set sail

Embaucher: marking

Émigrant(e): emigrant

Émigration: emigration, population movement, leaving one's native country to go and establish oneself in another country

Empêchement: obstacle, hindrance, obstruction' impediment

Empire: empire

Employé(e): employee

En terre: on land

Enceinte: pregnant

Encore: still

Endroit: place, site

Enfant: infant, child

Enfant trouvé: abandoned, foundling child

Engagement: pledge, commitment, promise, engagement (to be married)

Enqueter: investigating, researching, investigator

Enrhumé: constipated; having a cold

Ensemble: together

Enterrement: burial, funeral, inerment

Enterrer: buried

Entreprise: business

Environ: around, near, approximate

Épidémie: epidemic

Épilepsie: epilepsy

Épiscopal: of the bishop

Époux/ épouse: husband/ wife, spouse

Esclavage: slavery

Esclave: slave

Espagnol: Spanish

Estomac: stomach

Et: and

Été: summer

Étranger: foreigner, stranger

être: to be

être inscrit: to be written, recorded, or registered

Évangélique: evangelical

Examen: examination

Exécuteur testamentaire: executor, person who oversees distribution of decendent's assets in accordance with last will and testament

Exécuteur: executor

Exemption: redemption, salvation

Exhumation: exhumation, removal of a corpse from its grave

Expert(e): public appraiser

Extérieur: outside the city walls

Extrait: text/ extract

Extrême onction: extreme unction, last rite (fifth of the seven sacraments) administered to a gravely ill person, usually just before death,

F

Faiblesse: weakness, disability

Fait: completed, done

Familial: pertaining to a family; domestic

Famille: family, all persons of the same blood, such as uncles, cousins, nephews, etc.

Femelle: female, undefined

Feminin: feminine

Femme: woman; wife

Ferme: farm, farmstead, estate, a rural establishment

Feu: fire, hearth

Feuille: leaf, sheet of paper, page of book

Feuille de service: service record, document of an officer containing the personal and professional antecedents of government employees, used extensively in the military

Feuille de famille: family group sheet

Février: February

Fiche: index cards, records

Fiche de mariage: marriage proceeding or application

Fichier: filing cabinet

Fièvre typhoide: typhoid fever

Foi: faith

Fois: time, turn, occasion

Fond: funds

Fondation: foundation endowment

Fontaine: fountain

Forêt/ bois: forest, grove

Forge: iron works

Forgeron: blacksmith

Fornication: fornication, sexual union outside of the marriage contract where the persons involved are not married

Forteresse: fortress, strength

Foyer: home

Français: French

Fraternité: fraternity, congregation of brotherhood of religious individuals, guild, trade union

Frère: brother

Front: front, in front of

Frontière: border, frontier

Futur: future

G

Garçon: male, boy

Garde: guard, warden, body of soldiers, keeper

Gauche: left

Généalogie: genealogy

Général: (military) major

Gens: people

Gonflement: swelling

Goutte: gout, drop

Gouverneur: governor

Gouvernement: government

Grand(e): grand, great, large

Grand-oncle: grand uncle, the brother of the grandparent

Grande-tante: grand aunt, the sister of the grandparent

Greffier/ greffière: notary; court clerk, judge's secretary

Grippe: influenza

Guide: guide, advisor, instructor, trainer

Guilde: guild, society, association, brotherhood

H

Habitant: inhabitant

Hameau: hamlet

Hémorragie: hemorrhage, bleeding

Héraldique: heraldry

Héritage: inheritance

Héritier: heir

Heure: hour

Histoire: history

Hiver: winter

Holandais(e): Dutch

Hommage: tribute, tax, respect

Homme: man, husband

Honnête: honest

Huile: oil

Huile sacrée: holy oil

Hydropexie: dropsy

I

Il: he, him

Il y a: there was, it's been

Illégitime: illegitimate

Ils/elles: they

Immédiatement: immediately, promptly

Immigrant(e): immigrant

Immigration: immigration

Immueble: building

Imposable: taxable

In facie ecclesiae: Latin phrase meaning 'before the church'; used in marriage documents to describe full church marriage

Inconnu: unkown, unrecognized

Inconvénint: disagreement

Indemnité: indemnity

Information: information, declaration of statement of fact

Inhumation: burial

Intestin: intestines

Inventaire: inventory

Italien(ne): Italian

Italique: paleographic term, italic, cursive script

J

Jamais: never

Jambe: leg

Janvier: January

Jardinier: gardener

Je: I

Jésuite: Jesuit

Journalier: day laborer

Jour des rois: Day of the Kings or Magi, twelfth night, Januarey 6th

Jeudi: Thursday

Juge: judge, juryman

Juif: Jewish

Juin: June

Juillet: July

Jumeau/jumelle: twins

Juré: juryman

Justice: justice, rightness, fairness; tribunal

K

L

La: the (feminine)

Laboreur: ploughman, peasant, farmer

Lac: lake

Laitier: dairyman

Langue: language, tongue

Latitude: latitude

Le: the (masculine)

Le mien: mine

Légal: legal

Légitime: legitimate, lawful

Le quel: which

Les deux: both

Liasse: bundle of losse papers that are usually tied together because they deal with common subject

Liberation: exoneration, exemption from taxes or obligations

Liberté: freedom

Licencié: release; licensed, authorized

License/ diplôme: diploma; license (to practice a trade or profession)

Lien: bond, tie, link

Ligue: league

Limite: boudary

Liquidation: liquidation, winding up; liquidation of debts

Liste: register, list, roster, roll, census

Livre: book; weight measure

Livre de famille: book of the family, often issued by the government for recording births, marriages and deaths

Livres sacramentels: parish registers

L'œil: eye

Loi: law

Longitude: longitude

Lundi: Monday

M

Madame: lady, woman

Magistrat royal: magistrate who, in the royal courts, heard and sentenced disputes and lawsuits

Magistrature: judgeship

Mai: May

Main: hand

Maire: mayor

Mais: but; corn

Maison: house

Maladie: disease

Male: male, undefined

Mancipation: transfer of propery

Mandat: draft, bill of exchange

Manifestation: protest, protestation, declaration, affirmation, promis

Manoir: manoir, villa, country house

Manoir/ foyer ancestral: ancestral home, manor house

Marchand: merchant

Marchandise: wares, goods

Marché: market

Mardi: Tuesday

Marge: margin

Mari/ fiancé: groom, fiancé

Mari: husband

Mariage: marriage, wedding

Marié(e): married

Mariée/ fiancée: bride, fiancée

Marin: sailor

Marine: navy

Maritime: maritime

Marraine: godmother, a woman who assists in one of the sacraments of baptism, marriage, etc.

Mars: March

Masculin: masculine

Maternal: maternal, pertaining to the mother's family

Matrimonial: matrimonial, relating to marriage

Mer de Nord: the North Sea

Mer du Sud: the South Sea

Mère: mother

Médecin: doctor

Membre: member

Membre de famille: relative

Meme: same

Mémoire: memory, recollection; report; study, account

Mendiant(e): beggar

Mercredi: Wednesday

Mérit: merit, accomplishments

Messe: Mass

Métier: occupation, job

Mile: mile

Milice: (military) militia

Militaire: pertaining to the military or to war; a person serving in the army

Mille: thousand

Mine: mine

Mineur: miner

Ministre: minister

Minuit: midnight

Moi: me, my

Moin: monk

Moins: less

Mois: month

Moitié: half

Monastère: monastery

Monsieur: sir, mister

Montagne: mountain

Morant: dying

Morir: to die

Mort: death, deceased

Mort-né: stillborn

Moulin: mill

Muebles: furniture, household

Muet(te): dumb, unable to speak

Municipal: of or relating to the commune

Municipalité: municipality, the territorial jurisdiction which includes the inhabitants governed by a town council

N

Naissance: birth

Naître: to be born

Naîvre: ship; nave, aisle

Natif/ native: native of, born in a given locality; born outside fo the marriage contract

Nationalité: nationality, citizenship

Né(e): born

Nécessité: necessity, need

Nègre: negro, black or dark-skinned, native of various tribes of Africa

Neveu: nephew

Nez: nose

Nièce: niece

No.= nombre: number

Noble: noble, of noble blood,

Noblesse: nobility

Nom: name

Nomination: appointment, election, nomination, comission

Nommer: to elect or appoint; to name, to mention by name

Non: no

Nord: north

Nord-est: northeast

Nord-oeust: northwest

Nous: we

Notable: notable, noteworth, outstanding

Notaire: notary

Notre: our, ours, of ours

Nouveau/ nouvelle: new

Novembre: November

O

Obituare: obituary, book wherein are registered deaths and burial, section of death notices in the newspaper

Obligation: obligation, responsibility, duty

Observation: observation, comments, marginals= notes

Occidental: western

Octobre: october

Offrande: offrande

Offre: offering

Oncle: uncle

Or: gold

Oreille: ear

Orient: eastern

Orphelin(e): orphan

Orphelinat: orphanage

Ou: or

Où: where

Ouest: west

Oui: yes

Ouvrier: worker, laborer

P

Palace: palace

Palégraphie: paleography, study of ancient handwriting

Papiers d'identité: military register of a soldier

Par: by, for, through, along, over, by way of, via, around, about, in, at, multiplighed by

Paragraphe: paragraph

ParaÎtre: to appear, seem, look

Parceque: because

Pardon: pardon, forgiveness, grace, reprieve

Parmi: between, among

Paroisse: parish

Parrain: godfather, a man who assists in one of the sacraments of baptism, marriage, etc. usually a friend or relative

Parroise: parish, territory covered by the spiritual jurisdiction of a parish priest

Parroissien: parishioner

Part: part, fragment

Passé: past

Pasteur: pastor, minister, shepherd

Pasturage: pasture land

Paternel: paternal, from the father's line

Patrimoine: inheritance

Patron(ne): master, employer

Pays: country

Pêcheur: fisherman

Péninsulaire: peninsular

Père: father, priest

Periode: end, finish, conclusion, time limit, term, period, space of time

Périodique: periodic, periodical, newspaper

Permi: permission, authority, leave

Permission: permission

Peste: plague

Petit-enfant: grandchild

Petite-fille: granddaughter

Petit-fils: grandson

Pétition: petition, request

Petits-enfants: grandchildren

Peuplé: populated, town, village

Peut-être: maybe

Pg.= page: page

Pied: foot, length measurement

Place: main square of a town; office, position

Pleine: pregnant

Plus: more

Plus grand: larger

Plus jeune: smaller, youngest

Pneumonie: pneumonia

Polonais: Polish

Pont: bridge

Population: population

Porqoui: why

Port: port

Portrait: portrait

Portugais: Portuguese

Possession: possession, property, estate

Posture: posture, position, attitude

Pouce: thumb; length measurements, inch

Poumon: lung

Pour: for, to

Prélat: prelate, ecclesiastical dignitary

Premier/ première: first

Prénom: given or christian name, first name

Près: next

Près de: next to

Présent: present

Président: head or leader of the court

Prêtre: priest

Preuve: (law) proof, evidence

Prévu: anticipated

Prier: to pray

Prière: prayer

Printemps: spring

Prison: jail, prison, penitentiary

Privilège: privilege, grant, concession

Procès: lawsuit, suit, court or judicial action or proceedings

Proche: near, close, approximate

Procureur: prosecutor, local city attorney

Professeur: professor, teacher

Profession: profession

Promesse: promise, offer, vow, pledge

Promis: betrothed

Propriété: property, land

Propriètaire: owner, proprietor

Protestant(e): Protestant

Protester: protest; declaration

Q

Quotidien: daily

Quadruplé: quadruplets

Quand: when

Que: that/ what

Qui: who, whom

R

Recensement: census of population; official register of citizens having the right to vote

Réception: reception, receiving

Recherche: research

Réclamation: claim, demand

Récolte: harvest

Récompense: recognition, admission, acknowledgment

Reçu: receipt

Réduction: reduction

Regarder: look at

Régiment: military unit headed by a colonel

Région: region, province, territorial division

Registre: register, record, record book

Registre civil: civil registry

Règlament: regulation

Règne: reign

Reine: queen

Religieux: religious

Réligion: religion

Renonciation: renunciation

Répudiation: repudiation

Résidence: residence

Résident: resident

Retraité: retired

Retraite: retirement

Revenu: revenue, income

Révocation: revocation

Revue: review

Rite: rite

Rivière: river

Roi: king

Rouge: red

Rougeole: measles

Route/autoroute: highway

Royal: royal, or pertaining to the Crown

Royaume: kingdom

Rue: street

Ruelle: alley, small street

Ruisseau: stream

Russe: Russian

S

Sacrament: sacrament, one of several religious rites or symbols

Sacré: sacred, hold

Sacristain: sacristan, sexton, the individual who took care of the ecclesiastical cemeteries

Sage femme: midwife

Saignement: bleeding

Saint(e): holy, saintly, hallowed, sacred, blesse

Sainte Cène: the Eucharist, holy sacrament

Saison: season

Salaire: salary, wages

Salle: parlor, hall, lounge, salon

Samedi: Saturday

Scarlatine: scarlet fever

Se marier: to marry

Second(e): second, secondary

Secrétaire: secretary, notary office, court clerkship

Séculier: secular

Sécurité: security, safe, steady

Semaine: week

Séparation: division, partition, separation

Séparé: separate

Septembre: September

Sépulcre: grave, sepulchre

Sergent: sargent

Serment: oath

Serrurier: locksmith

Servant(e): servant. see also domestique

Service: service

Seule: only

Sexe: sex, gender

Si: if, whether

Siècle: century

Sien: theirs

Signature: signature

Situation: location, situation

Situé: located

Société: society

Soldat: soldier, private (military)

Soldate: female soldier

Solennement: solemnly

Son/sa/ses: his hers, theirs

Soudain: suddenly

Sourd: deaf

Sousigné: written hereafter, signed, undersigned person

Souvent: often

St(e)= saint(e): saint

Subrogation: subrogation, substitution

Subséquent: susequent

Substitution: substitution

Sud: south

Sud-est: southeast

Sud-oeust: southwest

Suédois(e): Swedish

Suffragant: suffragan, one who is under the jurisdiction or authority of another

Suisse: Swiss

Sujet: subject, used to introduce a new fact or statement

Sur: about, concerning; above

Surnom: surname, nickname, last name

Survivant: surviving

T

Tailleur: tailor

Tanneur: tanner, leather worker

Tante: aunt

Taxe: tax

Teinteur: dyer

Témoin: witness

Témoinage: testimony

Temp: time

Terme: tem, periode of time

Terrain: tract of land, field

Territoire: territory

Testament: will, a document in which one declares his last will and in which he disposes of his property and makes other arrangements for after his death.

Tête: head

Tisserand: weaver

Titre de noblesse: nobiliary, peerage liste, pertaining to the nobility

Titre: title, name, caption heading

Tombe: tomb, grave

Tonnelier: cooper

Tôt: early

Toujours: slways

Tout: all, everyone

Toux: cough

Traduction: translation

Transaction: transaction, negotiation, settlement, agreement, compromise

Travailleur: worker, laborer

Tribunal: court, local court, tribunal court

Trinité: trinity

Triplés: triplets

Tuberculose: tuberculosis

Tumeur: tumor

Tutelle: fuardianship, the authority conferred by law to an individual to care for the fortune and at times the person of a minor

U

Un(e): one

Université: university

Usin: factory; construction; church property funds

Ut supra: (latin) as above

V

Vallée: valley

Variole: smallpox

Veille: vigil, the eve of a festival or holy day

Vendre: to sell

Vendredi: Friday

Vente: sale, sell

Vent réelle: sale of real property

Vert: green

Veuf/veuve: widower, widow, widowed

Viatique: sacrament of the Eucharist administered to the sick in danger of death

Vicaire: vicar

Vicariat: vicarage; the territory over which a vicar presides

Vicomte(sse): viscount, a title of noility

Vice-roi: viceroy

Vice-royauté: viceroyalte

Vieillesse: old age

Vieilli: elderly

Viex/vieille: old

Vignoble: vineyard

Village: town, vilage

Ville: city, town

Visage: face, countenance

Visite: visit, call, inspection

Vivant(e): alive

Vivre: to live

Voilé: veiled

Voisin(e): neighbor

Voisinage: neighborhood

Volume: volume

W

X

Y

Z

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The French Tutorial
Introduction
Paleography Introduction